Carqueja (Baccharis trimera): Diterpene Lactones, Hepatic Phase I/II Detoxification Induction, and Glycemic Homeostasis

The Winged-Stem Bitter Herb of the South American Savannah

Featuring unique green three-winged photosynthetic stems instead of true leaves, Carqueja (Baccharis trimera) is one of the most widely consumed bitter medicinal teas throughout Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.

1. Clerodane Diterpenes & Bitter Flavonoids

• Clerodane Diterpenes & Rutin: Stimulates hepatic bile production and supports Phase I and Phase II liver enzyme pathways.
• Glycemic Moderation: Helps modulate postprandial glucose absorption by inhibiting intestinal $\alpha$-glucosidase enzymes.

2. References & Clinical Citations

• Bona, E., et al. (2012). Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Baccharis trimera. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 142(3), 772-778.
• Oliveira, C. P., et al. (2005). Baccharis trimera inhibits gastric acid secretion and protects gastric mucosa. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 57(5), 659-664.

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